Bitcoin
The ‘sustainable bitcoin’ paradox

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Welcome back. The annual Banking on Climate Chaos report was published today, showing a modest decline in aggregate fossil fuel financing last year by the world’s 60 largest banks – but impressive increases for some of the biggest lenders. Keep reading to find out which ones.
First, we dive into the crypto world. With the rising price level of bitcoin giving new incentives to energy-hungry “miners” – who already use more electricity than many countries – some are trying to argue that this could support the energy transition. Do they deserve a hearing?
What does diversity and inclusion really mean in a modern workforce — and what is the right approach for companies to take on these issues? That’s the focus of our next in-depth Moral Money Forum report, featuring valuable insights from readers. Give your opinion by filling out this brief survey.
renewable energy
Could Bitcoin ever be green?
If the term “sustainable bitcoin” sounds like an oxymoron to you, you’re not alone.
By far the world’s largest cryptocurrency, with a total market value of $1.2 trillion, bitcoin’s fearfully energy-inefficient processing system uses more electricity each year than Ukraine or Pakistan, according to estimates by the Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance. A large portion of this energy comes from plants that burn fossil fuels. And to the extent that bitcoin “miners” consume renewable energy, critics argue, they are merely absorbing clean energy that could be used much more productively elsewhere.
So I was interested to speak last week with Elliot David of Sustainable Bitcoin Protocol at an FT digital assets conference in London.
Founded in 2021, this initiative certifies bitcoin generated by miners (who deploy stacks of computers to process and verify transactions) using energy from renewable sources or from burning residual methane at crude oil extraction sites that would otherwise have been burned or released into the atmosphere.
David, head of climate strategy at SBP, argued that bitcoin miners can galvanize investment in renewable energy, rather than simply absorbing electricity that would have been produced anyway.
When demand for electricity on the grid falls short of potential supply, operators of renewable plants are subject to “constraints” – meaning they have to reduce or stop production because the electricity cannot be used or stored. By signing limited acquisition agreements with bitcoin miners — or simply building their own bitcoin operations — renewable energy companies can secure better economics for plants that might otherwise seem too risky to develop, David argued.
Does this idea have merit? It is worth separating the argument in favor of the SBP initiative from the argument that bitcoin can be green. SBP hopes that as interest in cryptocurrencies broadens, more mainstream investors will place a premium on “cleaner” bitcoin. So far, it has hired miners representing nearly a fifth of global bitcoin processing capacity, SBP says.
If bitcoin transactions happen on a large scale over a long period of time – and with the price hitting a record high of $75,830 in March, this seems likely – then it seems preferable to have them powered by clean energy rather than prolong the lifespan. of fossil fuel plants (as has infamously happened since Montana for upstate new york). To the extent that the SBP can help encourage this, it may be playing a constructive role.
The argument that bitcoin’s energy consumption could be good for the climate and society at large is another matter entirely. Notable advocates for bitcoin’s role in energy systems include Senator Ted Cruz from the bitcoin mining hub of Texas, where the network operator often pays crypto miners to halt operations.
This system offers a quick-response way to adjust demand, which could be useful given the growing share of intermittent renewables in energy production in Texas. But energy storage systems can do much the same thing – keeping energy available for homes and factories.
Furthermore, the benefit to the grid may be offset by the considerable disadvantages for Texan families and businesses, for whom this huge new source of energy consumption has driven up electricity prices during periods of high demand. Wood Mackenzie Analysts estimated last September that “Bitcoin mining already increases electricity costs for non-mining Texans by $1.8 billion per year, or 4.7 percent.”
This effect is unlikely to be limited to Texas. According to a January letter from the head of the US Energy Information Administration, about one in every 45 units of electricity consumed in the US is gobbled up by cryptocurrency mining. Bitcoin is responsible for most of this due to its market dominance and its distributed “proof-of-work” validation system, which consumes much more energy than rivals like Ethereum (Bitcoin advocates say this makes it more safe).
Concerns about the impact on grid operations and consumer prices led the EIA to announce in January a mandatory inquiry of energy use by cryptominers – an effort that has been forced to fallfor now, following a legal challenge from crypto companies.
If the EIA research eventually moves forward, its results will likely raise concerns about bitcoin’s energy and environmental impacts. Despite the specific positive use cases described by SBP, it is difficult to see that these can offset the broader complications caused by the addition of this massive new element to global energy consumption.
Although its growth has been driven primarily by speculation, cryptocurrency has the potential to play socially useful roles — as shown by its incipient acceptance by migrant workers for low-cost shipping. But the costs to energy systems and the climate are real.
“So far, we don’t see such a high level of adoption and scalability that it really justifies the energy use of the bitcoin network,” Larisa Yarovaya, director of the Center for Digital Finance at Southampton Business School, told me. “The question is whether there is enough utility to justify it.”
fossil fuel financing
Banks continue to “increase their exposure to fossil fuels”
If the world were on track to meet the Paris Agreement’s climate goals, we would see a dramatic drop in fossil fuel financing from major global banks. Like today Report on Banks in Climate Chaos makes it clear that this is not happening.
It shows that the world’s 60 largest banks by assets provided $706 billion in financing to fossil fuel companies last year. That’s at least lower than the $779 billion figure in 2022 and the $956 billion peak in 2019. But it is financing a massive new expansion of fossil fuel production, which will likely set the goal of limiting the global warming at 1.5ºC. even more out of reach.
And while many banks are reducing their financial support for oil, gas and coal, others have seen an opportunity to step in and grow. JPMorgan Chase increased its fossil fuel financing by more than 5% to $40.9 billion last year, according to the report, making it comfortably the world’s largest bank financing the sector – a crown it holds since surpassing Citigroup in 2021.
The report found that second-placed Mizuho Financial of Japan also increased its fossil fuel financing last year, as did Wall Street banks Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, and European lenders Barclays, Santander and Deutsche Bank.
It’s worth noting that the creators of this report – a large coalition of nonprofit groups coordinated by the Rainforest Action Network – made a major change to the methodology around corporate financing arrangements. The value of a bank’s financing now includes its contribution to corporate finance deals in which it played a supporting role, and not just those in which it was the lead bookrunner, as in previous years. This year’s report also restated the numbers from previous years in line with the new methodology, so the change is not the reason for the year-on-year increase in the financing values of some banks.
Several banks raised concerns about the report’s findings. Barclays said it does not recognize “the classification or attribution of some transactions” and criticized the authors’ focus on how much revenue their corporate clients earned from fossil fuel-related businesses rather than “the use of transaction proceeds or the company’s actual investment.” company”. activity”.
JPMorgan said it was helping drive “today’s global economy” and that it believed its own data “reflects our activities more comprehensively and accurately than third-party estimates.”
Deutsche Bank said its financed carbon emissions have significantly decreased in the oil, gas and coal mining sectors, and that it has “significantly reduced its involvement in carbon-intensive sectors since 2016”.
Santander said it is “fully committed to supporting the transition to net zero emissions” and that it has set emissions reduction targets for 2030 in sectors including energy production and oil, gas and coal. The other banks mentioned declined to comment.
You will find more details in Attracta Mooney’s report for the FT here.
Smart Reading
While other international banks turned away from Russia’s war economy, Austria’s Raiffeisen Bank is an ugly exceptionwrites Patrick Jenkins.
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Bitcoin
Bitcoin (BTC) Price Drops Below $65K After FOMC as Middle East Tensions Rise

Cryptocurrencies fell sharply on Wednesday as rising geopolitical risks captivated investors’ attention following the conclusion of the Federal Reserve’s July meeting.
Bitcoin (BTC) fell to $64,500 from around $66,500, where it traded following Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell’s press conference and is down more than 2% in the past 24 hours. Major altcoins including ether (ETH)sunbathing (SUN)Avalanche AVAX (AVAX) and Cardano (ADA) also fell, while Ripple’s XRP saved some of its early gains today. The broad cryptocurrency market benchmark CoinDesk 20 Index was 0.8% lower than 24 hours ago.
The liquidation happened when the New York Times reported that Iran’s leaders have ordered retaliation against Israel over the killing of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran, raising the risk of a wider conflict in the region.
Earlier today, the Fed left benchmark interest rates unchanged and gave little indication that a widely expected rate cut in September is a given. The Fed’s Powell said that while no decision has been made on a September cut, the “broad sense is that we are getting closer” to cutting rates.
While digital assets suffered losses, most traditional asset classes rose higher during the day. U.S. 10-year bond yields fell 10 basis points, while gold rose 1.5% to $2,450, slightly below its record highs, and WTI crude oil prices rose 5%. Stocks also rallied during the day, with the tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 index rebounding 3% and the S&P 500 closing the session 2.2% higher, led by 12% gains in chipmaker giant Nvidia (NVDA).
The different performances across asset classes could be due to traders’ positioning ahead of the Fed meeting, Zach Pandl, head of research at Grayscale, said in an emailed note.
“Equities may have been slightly underutilized after the recent dip, while bitcoin is coming off a strong period with solid inflows, while gold has recovered after a period of weakness,” he said.
“Overall, the combination of Fed rate cuts, bipartisan focus on cryptocurrency policy issues, and the prospect of a second Trump administration that could advocate for a weaker U.S. dollar should be viewed as very positive for bitcoin,” he concluded.
UPDATE (July 31, 2024, 21:30 UTC): Adds grayscale comments.
Bitcoin
No, Bitcoin Will Not Solve Our National Debt

Wyoming Republican Senator Cynthia Lummis speaks at the Bitcoin 2024 conference in … [+] Nashville, Tennessee, U.S., on Saturday, July 27, 2024. Former U.S. President Donald Trump said he would fire the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission and pick crypto-friendly regulators if he returns to the White House in a bid to woo virtual currency enthusiasts and capitalize on the industry’s growing influence in the political arena. Photographer: Brett Carlsen/Bloomberg
© 2024 Bloomberg Finance LP
At a Bitcoin conference last weekend, Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyo.) announced future legislation that would direct the Treasury to purchase 1 million Bitcoin, or roughly 5% of the global supply, over five years (which would cost between $60 billion and $70 billion at today’s prices). Lummis claimed that the federal government would be “debt-free because of Bitcoin” if his proposal were to pass, because these Bitcoins could be sold by the federal government at a profit after 20 years. Unfortunately, there are mathematical and conceptual problems that prevent such an approach from solving the federal government’s budget problems.
Let’s start with the math: US National Debt Today stands at nearly $28 trillion (or $35 trillion if you include the “intragovernmental debt” that the general fund owes to other internal government accounting entities, such as the Social Security and Medicare trust funds). This year alone, the federal government spent about $2 trillion more than it took in in revenue, which had to be covered by borrowing money that adds to our national debt.
In comparison, the total market capitalization of Bitcoin today (which is the total number of Bitcoins in existence multiplied by their current market price) is only about $1.3 trillion — and that’s with Bitcoin’s current price near its all-time high. If all the Bitcoin in the world isn’t worth enough to cover a single year’s budget deficit, there’s no way buying 5% of it could plausibly stem the growth of, let alone pay off, our national debt. For the math to work, Bitcoin’s market cap would have to reach a level that is a multiple of the annual economic output of the entire planet (the International Monetary Fund current estimates the sum of each country’s gross domestic product is less than US$110 trillion).
But beyond the math, there are serious conceptual problems with Lummis’s proposal as a partial solution. When the government acquires an asset, it is typically reallocating rather than creating wealth. As the government buys some of the existing supply of Bitcoin, it would reduce the remaining supply available for others to buy on the market. If private demand for Bitcoin remains constant, the result would be an increase in the price of one Bitcoin. The beneficiaries of this transaction would be the current owners of Bitcoin (one of whom is Senator Lummis herself), because they would be in possession of an asset that can be sold at a higher price than the price at which it was originally purchased.
The increase in Bitcoin’s price, and thus the financial benefit to current holders, is likely to be even greater because, rather than remaining constant, private demand would increase as previously cautious investors view the U.S. government’s investment as an indicator of the digital asset’s legitimacy. These higher prices would not only increase demand for Bitcoin, but could also encourage Bitcoin “miners” to increase supply. Bitcoin mining is a extremely energy intensive process that relies on advanced graphics processing units (GPUs). If Bitcoin mining increases demand for GPUs, the GPUs themselves will become more expensive, as they did in 2020. In turn, every activity that depends on GPUs — from video editing to gaming — will also become more expensive.
Perhaps most alarmingly, a boom in Bitcoin mining threatens to stifle promising developments in artificial intelligence (AI). As other Forbes contributors point out, he wroteAI has the potential to revolutionize our economy and boost the productivity of our workforce in countless ways that would increase real wealth for Americans of all socioeconomic backgrounds. But AI also relies on advanced GPUs to function, of which there are already there is not enough supply to meet demand. It would be a profound failure of federal policy to make AI advances more costly to achieve by encouraging people to spend the resources needed to generate digital tokens. Furthermore, even if federal government Bitcoin purchases do not lead to an increase in Bitcoin mining, there are still other ways in which rising Bitcoin prices would displace productive economic investment — but rather than delve into them here, I recommend reading this great 2022 article by Josh Barro about the subject.
For these and other reasons, the federal government should not take any action to push the price of Bitcoin — or any other cryptocurrency, for that matter — above the level set by the free market. If policymakers believe that prices will continue to rise anyway and want to capture some of that value for deficit reduction, there are much better mechanisms for doing so. For example, a capital gains tax increase could aim to capture 5% of the gain on 100% of Bitcoin rather than capturing 100% of the gain on 5% of Bitcoin, as the Lummis proposal would seek to do. In addition to avoiding the market-distorting effects of the Lummis proposal, this approach has the added benefit of not leaving taxpayers holding the bag if the value of Bitcoin plummets, as then many other cryptocurrencies have done.
When it comes to dealing with our national debt, there is no substitute for cutting spending and/or raising taxes. There are no quick fixes here — policymakers must accept tradeoffs and make hard choices about how to allocate limited resources. Fortunately, my team at the Progressive Policy Institute recently published a serious package of proposals that deals with these tradeoffs to put the federal budget on a path to balance within 20 years. Even adopting half of our recommended savings would allow policymakers to keep debt from growing faster than our economy, which is what most economists consider to be the measure of fiscal sustainability. And ours is just one framework: six other think tanks published their own plans to stabilize the debt last week (and notably, none of them proposed spending up to $70 billion of taxpayer funds on Bitcoin).
To Senator Lummis’s credit, she has also supported efforts to promote serious solutions like these in the past. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012, Lummis was one of only 38 members who resisted partisan pressure and voted in favor of a congressional budget resolution based on the debt stabilization recommendations of the bipartisan Simpson-Bowles Fiscal Commission. More recently, Lummis was one of nine senators to cosponsor a bill that would establish another bipartisan fiscal commission to generate an updated package of recommendations to stabilize the national debt. It would be a great service to the nation if Senator Lummis would put all her energy into advancing these and other serious efforts to align revenues and spending rather than distracting them with alternative schemes that would merely enrich cryptocurrency investors at the expense of the taxpayer.
Bitcoin
Bitcoin Falls as ETF Flows Reverse, Mt. Gox Moves Billions

In a week of drastic fluctuations, the price of Bitcoin (BTC) has retreated from its highs and is currently trading at US$66,250, down 0.9% in European trading.
This volatility comes on the heels of a significant surge above $70,000 earlier in the week, fueled by former President Donald Trump’s ambitious cryptocurrency plans announced in a Bitcoin Conference in Nashville.
Trump’s announcement to fire Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Gary Gensler and establish a strategic Bitcoin reserve if elected president has temporarily sent the cryptocurrency market into a frenzy.
However, the excitement was short-lived as a series of events unfolded which caused investor sentiment to sour.
A significant sell-off of about 8% was triggered when the US Marshals Service moved $2 billion in Bitcoin for new wallets.
This move has reignited fears of a potential large-scale liquidation, compounded by lingering concerns over a possible Bitcoin liquidation from Mt. Gox. Early this morning, Mt. Gox administrator transferred US$2.2 billion value of your BTC assets in a new wallet.
Meanwhile, the US Bitcoin ETF spot market is showing signs of fluctuation, according to data from SoSo Value. On July 30, Bitcoin spot funds experienced their first net outflow in five days, totaling $18.3 million.
The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) saw outflows of $73.6 million, while the BlackRock iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) attracted $74.9 million in inflows. But outflows from other funds left the category in the red at the end of Tuesday’s trading session. The total net asset value of spot Bitcoin ETFs currently stands at a substantial $58.5 billion.
In other crypto news, Ripple (XRP) is up 8.6% in the past 24 hours, hitting over 64 cents – its highest point since March 25, according to CoinGecko. data.
This rally comes amid a scheduled token unlock and growing optimism around a potential deal in the long-running SEC vs. Ripple lawsuit.
The crypto community is closely watching the SEC’s actions, particularly its intention to amend its complaint against Binance regarding “Third-Party Cryptocurrency Securities,” which some interpret as a positive sign for Ripple.
On a market analysis noteSingapore-based cryptocurrency trading desk QCP Capital wrote that while election headlines continue to dominate, several crucial macroeconomic events loom on the horizon.
“Election headlines will continue to be a key focus, but several key macroeconomic events are also on the horizon. Key events starting with the FOMC meeting on Wednesday, megacap tech earnings (Apple, Amazon, Meta) throughout the week, and unemployment data on Friday,” QCP Capital wrote.
Edited by Stacy Elliott.
Bitcoin
1 Top Cryptocurrency That Could Surge Over 4,300%, According to This Wall Street Firm

This bold prediction that Bitcoin will hit $2.9 million by 2050 could redefine your investment strategy.
In a groundbreaking report, VanEck, a leading investment management firm, has set the stage for an extraordinary prediction about Bitcoin‘s (BTC -2.63%) in the future. According to their analysis, Bitcoin could potentially reach a staggering $2.9 million by 2050, marking an astronomical increase of over 4,300% from its current price.
This bold prediction is more than just a headline-grabbing attempt. The report is packed with information across its 20+ pages, and includes plenty of evidence and hypotheses to support its claims. Luckily, I read the whole thing, so you don’t have to. In this article, we’ll explore the key elements of VanEck’s report, deciphering why Bitcoin’s value could skyrocket to such heights and what it means for investors and the financial world at large.
Image source: Getty Images.
Unpacking the VanEck Report
VanEck’s analysis outlines three scenarios for predicting Bitcoin’s future value: the bearish case, the base case, and the bullish case. Each scenario provides a different perspective on how Bitcoin may evolve based on various economic and technological factors, and of course, where its price may be headed.
To arrive at these conclusions, VanEck’s valuation model relies on a combination of historical data, current market trends, and future financial developments. This comprehensive approach aims to assess Bitcoin’s potential as a medium of exchange and reserve asset. With that out of the way, let’s move on to the scenarios.
Bear scenario
In the pessimistic case, Bitcoin’s value is expected to remain relatively stagnant, reflecting limited growth due to regulatory hurdles, technological limitations, or broader economic challenges.
This scenario assumes that Bitcoin will not achieve widespread adoption and will face significant competitive threats from other digital currencies or innovations. If this is the path Bitcoin takes, VanEck predicts that Bitcoin will only reach $130,314 by 2050. This equates to a measly 2.6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR).
Base scenario
The base case presents a more balanced view, where Bitcoin’s value is influenced by moderate adoption and integration into the existing financial system. However, even though it is called the base case, it is still extremely bullish.
This analysis predicts that Bitcoin will reach a price of $2,910,345 and solidify itself as a viable digital asset, resulting in a stronger CAGR of close to 15.7%. Driving this adoption are a multitude of factors, such as rising government debt around the world, reduced use of fiat currenciesbetter technology that makes Bitcoin faster and cheaper to use, and the possibility of Bitcoin becoming the world’s reserve currency.
Bullish scenario
The bullish scenario is the most optimistic, predicting that Bitcoin’s value could reach a staggering $52,386,207 by 2050. Here, Bitcoin’s CAGR rises to 29.3%.
This extreme growth projection is based on Bitcoin achieving widespread adoption as a medium of exchange and a reserve asset. It considers advances in blockchain technology, significant macroeconomic changes, and increased institutional investment. In short, this scenario basically assumes that the world will undergo hyper-Bitcoinization very quickly.
How Bitcoin Could Reach $2.9 Million
While the bear and bull scenarios are unlikely outliers on either end of the spectrum, it’s worth examining the reasoning behind VanEck’s base result in greater detail. This intermediate target strikes a valuable middle ground and does a good job of capturing what makes Bitcoin so unique.
The first catalyst that could send Bitcoin to nearly $3 million is increased adoption as a medium of exchange. As the world and its financial system become more digitized, there is a clear path where Bitcoin could gain traction as a popular medium of exchange. The decentralized nature of the cryptocurrency, coupled with its growing acceptance among merchants and consumers, supports its potential to become a mainstream payment method. If Bitcoin’s use as a transactional currency becomes widespread, VanEck suggests that its value could appreciate significantly.
At a more granular level, technological advancements are critical drivers of Bitcoin’s future valuation. For most of Bitcoin’s existence, its blockchain was more than capable of handling transactions cost-effectively. However, as the years have passed and it has processed more transactions, there has been a need to find a method for Bitcoin to scale efficiently.
Fortunately, there are a number of solutions in development that attempt to make Bitcoin faster and cheaper to use, such as Lightning Network and layer 2 blockchains like Stacks (STX -3.26%). VanEck believes that if Bitcoin is able to scale properly, it will only bolster the cryptocurrency’s prospects following the base case trajectory.
Expanding a bit, VanEck posits that Bitcoin could become a global reserve asset, similar to gold, as institutional investors and nations seek a stable store of value in a turbulent economic landscape. As VanEck’s report outlines, the global financial world is currently in a state of flux.
The currencies of the most prosperous economies (the US, EU, Japan and the UK) are starting to be used less for international payments. Furthermore, these economies, which dominated for much of the last century, face a growing debt burden that could further erode the value of their currencies. VanEck’s report predicts that as this trend worsens, other nations will turn to Bitcoin due to its apolitical construction and robust fundamentals that prioritize value preservation. When all is said and done, Bitcoin could become the world’s global reserve currency, causing its price to soar as governments clamor for a share of its finite supply.
Last food for thought
VanEck’s prediction that Bitcoin could rise to over $2.9 million by 2050 represents a bold and optimistic outlook for the cryptocurrency. It may sound sensationalist, but keep in mind that virtually no one could have imagined that Bitcoin would rise from just a few cents to over $60,000 over the past 15 years.
However, as appealing as this may sound, a bit of restraint is in order. No one has a crystal ball, and while the outlook is promising, investors should carefully weigh the rewards against the risks and, more importantly, Approaching Bitcoin with a long-term perspective.
But for those who believe in its future potential, have an appetite for risk, and are comfortable holding for the long term, Bitcoin’s current value could represent an attractive entry point. See you in 2050.
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